Medicare Affordability Update
Excess Part B premiums
24th in the U.S.
Total burden on individuals
22nd in the U.S.
Excess TM premiums
23rd in the U.S.
State fiscal burden
19th in the U.S.
Federal fiscal burden
35th in the U.S.
Total public sector fiscal burden
29th in the U.S.
About this data update
This monthly update reports the Joint Economic Committee’s latest estimates of excess Part B premiums attributable to Medicare Advantage (MA) overpayments for Colorado and its congressional districts.
By law, Medicare Part B premiums are set to finance 25 percent of projected Part B spending, with some paying additional premiums based on income. This financing design means that 25 percent of any increase in Part B spending is automatically passed through to enrollees as higher Part B premiums. These premiums apply equally to beneficiaries regardless of whether they enroll in Traditional Medicare or MA. Because payments to MA plans are financed through Part B, it costs more to cover enrollees in MA than to cover those in Traditional Medicare, which increases total Part B spending and mechanically raises Part B premiums for beneficiaries nationwide, including in Traditional Medicare.
While the premium increase applies uniformly, the resulting dollar burden varies across states, congressional districts, and individuals based on beneficiary income (income-related premiums, or IRMAA), the share of beneficiaries with publicly subsidized premiums, and local Medicare enrollment levels.
The Joint Economic Committee’s forthcoming issue brief documents this mechanism in detail and estimates that MA overpayments increased Part B premiums by over $13 billion nationally in 2025. This data update quantifies that burden for seniors in Colorado both for individuals through greater Social Security deductions and for the public collectively through higher state Medicaid expenditures, which are financed by state tax revenues.
Consequences of Medicare Advantage overpayments for Traditional Medicare beneficiaries
The effect of Medicare Advantage (MA) overpayments on Part B premiums is uniform whether a beneficiary enrolls in Traditional Medicare or MA. However, MA overpayments help finance more generous MA benefits that are not available in Traditional Medicare. This includes Part B premium “givebacks,” under which an MA plan pays some or all of the Part B premium on behalf of its enrollees.
As a result, redistribution flows from Traditional Medicare to MA. In Colorado, there are 7.5 Traditional Medicare beneficiaries bearing this higher premium burden for every 10 MA beneficiaries who ultimately receive the greater benefits. This means that 0.8 Traditional Medicare beneficiaries pay $163 in excess for each MA beneficiary in Colorado.
$91,883,965
Excess TM premiums
Excess Part
B premiums faced by Traditional Medicare enrollees despite not receiving
Medicare Advantage benefits
$163
Amount paid in excess by TM
beneficiaries for every MA beneficiary
Excess Part
B premiums faced by Traditional Medicare enrollees for each MA
beneficiary
7.5
Number
of TM beneficiaries for every 10 MA beneficiaries
Distribution across congressional districts in Colorado
Medicare enrollment, Medicare Advantage penetration, and income distributions vary across states and congressional districts, leading to substantial variation in the excess Part B premium burden.
Summary of methodology
To quantify the excess premium burden borne by constituents in each congressional district, we crosswalk local enrollment patterns from monthly CMS enrollment files at the county level to congressional districts using Census population weights. Our results reflect gross premium liability; for some MA enrollees, the net out-of-pocket effect may be lower when Part B premiums are fully or partially covered by the plan as a supplemental benefit.
In 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau adopted Connecticut’s nine new planning regions, which replaced its eight counties. As a result, the JEC was unable to include Connecticut in the district-level analysis. Therefore, the total number of districts included is 431, including DC’s at-large district and excluding Connecticut’s five districts.
Full methodology, assumptions, and national estimates are provided in the forthcoming JEC issue brief.
Congressional District 1
Rep. Diana DeGette (D)
408th out of 431 districts, where 1st is highest
Congressional District 2
Rep. Joe Neguse (D)
275th out of 431 districts, where 1st is highest
Congressional District 3
Rep. Jeff Hurd (R)
60th out of 431 districts, where 1st is highest
Congressional District 4
Rep. Lauren Boebert (R)
317th out of 431 districts, where 1st is highest
Congressional District 5
Rep. Jeff Crank (R)
355th out of 431 districts, where 1st is highest
Congressional District 6
Rep. Jason Crow (D)
361st out of 431 districts, where 1st is highest
Congressional District 7
Rep. Brittany Pettersen (D)
215th out of 431 districts, where 1st is highest
Congressional District 8
Rep. Gabe Evans (R)
407th out of 431 districts, where 1st is highest